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Papal conclave, January 1276 ：ウィキペディア英語版

Papal conclave, January 1276

Papal conclave, January 1276 (January 21–22), was the first papal election held under the rules of constitution ''Ubi periculum'' issued by Pope Gregory X in 1274, which established papal conclaves. According to ''Ubi periculum'' Cardinals were to be secluded in a closed area; they were not even accorded separate rooms. No cardinal was allowed to be attended by more than one servant unless ill. Food was to be supplied through a window; after three days of the meeting, the cardinals were to receive only one dish a day; after five days, they were to receive just bread and water. During the conclave, no cardinal was to receive any ecclesiastical revenue.
Although several times before papal elections were held in the circumstances similar to those described by ''Ubi periculum''〔For example, during Papal election, 1241 cardinals had been closed in Septizonium by senator Matteo Rosso Orsini, who gradually reduced food supplies for them,〕 for the first time such situation was formally required by the church law. For this reason, papal conclave of January 1276 can be considered the first papal conclave in history in the strictly legal sense of this word.
==List of participants==

Pope Gregory X died on January 10, 1276, at Arezzo. At the time of his death there were probably 15 cardinals in the Sacred College, but only 13 of them participated in the subsequent conclave. Seven of them were created by Urban IV, four by Gregory X and one by Gregory IX:

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